Suction truck related knowledge summary

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Suction truck related knowledge summary

First, what is a suction truck

Equipped with a vacuum pump, the manure is sucked into the tank by the vacuum inside the tank, and it is used for a tank-type special-purpose vehicle that uses air pressure or gravity to drain out of the tank.

Second, the classification of suction truck

According to the use of features are divided into: Self-absorption self-discharge suction truck, dump truck, suction fecal sprinkler, agricultural suction truck

Third, the composition of suction truck

Suction vehicles are mainly composed of: tanks, vacuum pumps, power take-off devices, four-way valves, water and gas separators, oil and gas separators, return tanks, booms, and locking mechanisms.

1 tank  

The tank body is the main body of the feces vehicle. The top of the tank body is provided with an air hole and a suction hole. The air hole communicates with the air-gas separator and is the passage for the air into and out of the tank body. Into the hole usually sealed when maintenance can be opened, the suction hole on the suction pipe under suction with siphon manure channel into the tank body.  

There are walk-in boxes at the middle of the two sides of the tank, which are usually used for shelving suction hoses and stand when repaired. The interior of the tank body is equipped with an anti-sloshing plate to reduce the damage caused by the violent sloshing shock of the liquid caused by the driving of the vehicle and the joint of the tank body and the frame thereof. The front head is equipped with an observation tube to monitor the load and prevent overloading. There is a cleaning hole at the bottom, which is normally sealed. When cleaning the tank, the cleaning hole cover can be opened to allow the sewage to drain.  

The tank body is rigidly connected and is mounted on the frame. There is a cushion in the middle to reduce the damage of the vibration of the vehicle to the tank body.  

Since the suction hose is always immersed on the liquid surface, the air in the tank body is sucked and becomes thinner as it is not supplemented, so that the pressure in the tank is lower than the atmospheric pressure, and the waste liquid is under the action of the compressed air. , Drain the tank by suction pipe.  

2, vacuum pump  

Suction truck vacuum pump is a key component of the suction truck. It mainly cooperates with the power take-off device, the three-way four-position valve, etc. to achieve vacuum and pressurize the tank.

At present, the commonly used suction truck is a single-stage rotary oil seal vacuum pump, the ideal working pressure is 200PA--8500PA, with convenient installation, high vacuum, high efficiency.
The vacuum pump is mainly composed of a pump body, a rotor and its assembly, a pump casing, a rotary vane, a slip ring, a bearing cap and a sealing device. The rotor is a wearing part. In order to facilitate disassembly and repair, the rotor turning center deviates from the center of the pump body.

Its working principle is that the eccentric rotor is driven by the power take-off device and the tank is sucked into the compression chamber. When the pressure exceeds the specified value of the exhaust port, the compression chamber is automatically opened and the compressed air is discharged, so that the internal air of the tank is drawn out. Repeatedly circulating, a vacuum forms inside the tank.

In order to ensure the normal operation of the vacuum pump and avoid contamination, an oil-gas separator and a water-gas separator are also installed in the production of the suction truck to filter the water vapor and oil and gas in the compressed gas.

3, power take off  

Suction truck vacuum pump operation is to rely on the engine power through the power take-off, the drive shaft to rotate, the power take-off is installed in the right side of the transmission, the upper part of the operating handle is located in the middle board of the cab.  

The power take-off consists of an input gear, an input shaft, an intermediate gear, an intermediate shaft, an output shaft, an output gear, a fork shaft, a fork, and a handle.  

The input gear and transmission output gear are constant mesh pairs. Before starting the vacuum pump, the transmission output gear is a constant mesh pair. Before starting the vacuum pump, the transmission is engaged in neutral, then the engine is started, the clutch is disengaged, the power takeoff switch is opened, the fork shaft is moved forward, and the fork drives the output gear on the output shaft, sliding and meshing with the middle gear. The output shaft is transmitted by spline and output gear to the input gear, and the intermediate gear is transmitted to the output gear, which is transmitted to the transmission shaft by the output coupling. This drives the vacuum pump to rotate.  

4, four-way valve  

The vacuum pump can only rotate counterclockwise (facing the front). To take in air from the tank or to discharge air into the tank, a four-way valve is required.  

The four-way valve communicates with the tank, vacuum pump and return tank. The four-way valve has a partition. Change the suction direction of the vacuum pump. When the four-way valve connects the holding tank with the vacuum pump, the dropping truck will perform the discharge operation.  

5, water and gas separator  

The water-gas separator is located at the top of the front of the tank and the rear tank. Its interior has a gas pipe with rectangular holes on both sides of the pipe for air into and out of the tank. During the suction operation, the air in the holding tank comes out of the rectangular hole, the volume suddenly increases, the flow velocity decreases, and the number of heavy water molecules decreases, which can reduce the damage to the lubricating oil and the mechanical parts.  

6, oil and gas separator  

The compressed air discharged from the vacuum pump has a high speed, and when it breaks through the oil film layer, it carries a large amount of oil droplets. In order to reduce fuel consumption and prevent pollution, an oil-air separator is installed. Separation of oil and gas is located in the right middle of the frame of the feces truck, preceded by a vacuum pump, and then returned to the tank. The oil and gas separation is provided with oil retaining pipes. When the compressed air enters, its volume suddenly expands, the flow velocity decreases, and the flow direction changes, and flows out through the porous oil retaining pipe. As the flow velocity of oil and gas molecules decreases, the impact on the wall of the wall and the hole wall intensifies, and the heavy oil molecules are partially attached. On the wall, the condensed oil drops, the wall of the distributor and the overflow pipe flow back to the tank, and the compressed air after the initial purification flows to the upper tank.  

7, return tank  

The return tank is located in the middle of the right side of the frame, with left and right air separators and four-way valves on the right.  

There is an oil retaining net in the return tank, and the inlet and outlet are not connected. The compressed air flowing from the oil separator must pass multiple obstacles before it can be discharged to the four-way valve. Since the volume of the return tank suddenly increases exponentially, the air flow rate is obviously increased. Reduced, combined with barriers such as oil screens, compressed air must pass through multiple obstacles before being discharged to the four-way valve. As the volume of the return tank suddenly increases exponentially, the air flow rate is significantly reduced, combined with obstacles such as blocking the oil, compressed air The oil molecules in the intensified collision, adhered to the inner wall and the net surface, and then flowed into the bottom, and the compressed air that was purified again flowed to the four-way valve.  

There is a direct-flow cock under the return tank, which can control the lubricating oil leaf that supplies the vacuum pump. There is no liquid level tube, and the oil storage and oil quality can be observed.  

8, boom  

The boom is located at the top of the container. It is composed of a suspension rod seat, connecting pipe counterweight, and a supporting frame. The suction hose is connected to the front and the siphon hanger rod can be operated afterwards. The boom can rotate more than 270 feet. Since the counterweight block is set to bear the labor intensity when the suction pipe is used, the connecting pipe bend angles at both ends of the support pipe are 90, and the bent outer diameter is provided with a clearing hole, which is usually sealed when sucking the hose or When the straw is clogged, the clear hole cover can be opened to clear the blockage.  

9, locking mechanism

The locking mechanism is mainly composed of a fixing device, and its function is to ensure the sealing of the cleaning hole cover. The fixing device is located at the lower right middle of the frame, and is mainly composed of an operating rod, a locking pin, a positioning plate, etc., and is connected with a pull rod, a thread fork-shaped joint, or the like. When the operating rod moves backwards, the rod moves forward, and the rotating shaft swings the counterclockwise arm so that the cleaning hole cover tightly closes the cleaning hole to achieve the purpose of sealing. The operating rod is provided with a locking pin, a spring, a pull rod and a handle. When the joystick is moved back and the lock lock slides along the outer ring of the positioning plate into the positioning groove, the spring at the rear end of the locking lever enters the positioning groove. Since the five sides of the locking pin are restrained, it cannot be ejected. The positioning groove can ensure that the lever does not Because of the bumpy vibrations in the ride, it is said to achieve a tight function.

Fourth, the new purchase of suction truck debugging and use

Generally, before the ex-factory suction truck is in the factory, the suction truck manufacturer will conduct factory commissioning. When the guest first uses it, the following accessories and components of the vacuum suction truck must also be used for debugging. This will ensure that the suction truck will work normally for the first time and avoid unnecessary damage to the vehicle.

1. Check that there is no air leak in the pipes of the suction truck. Otherwise, the suction truck will not work.  

2. Suction truck body is installed with spill-prevention device, otherwise it will be easy to suck waste water into vacuum pump when using suction truck to damage the whole system.

3. The primary oil-gas separator return port of the suction truck must be connected to the oil return port of the secondary oil-gas separator and the suction pipe must be a rigid pipe or a hard oil-resistant rubber pipe (steel wire braid hose). Thermally deformed plastic tubes are not allowed.  

4. When the suction truck is used in the new pump, it should directly add 1-2 L of No.32 mechanical oil to the pump. When it is used in the cold regions of northeast and northwest, it should be added No. 32 refrigerating machine oil, and the pump suction port should be installed. Water separator.

4.1 Lubricant adjustment

The amount of oil stored in the return tank should not be too high. It is advisable to use a slightly lower central part of the oil level pipe. The excess oil supply can easily affect the effect of oil and gas separation and increase the fuel consumption. Conversely, the cooling effect will affect the temperature of the vacuum pump. Raise too fast.

The size of the oil supply is controlled by a straight plug. When the handle is at right angles to the axis of the inlet pipe, it is fully opened and closed in parallel. When a clear oil mist is found at the outlet of the four-way valve, the oil supply should be reduced. .

4.2. Adjustment of locking mechanism

When the cleaning hole cover is leaking, the locking mechanism should be adjusted to increase the tightness of the plate arm to the hole-washing cover to improve the sealing performance. The specific steps are as follows:

Turning the rod end of the left-handed screw rod to the left (from the front of the vehicle to the rear of the vehicle) shortens the distance between the threaded fork-joint connecting rod fixing sleeves. The connecting rod drives the transmission shaft and the arm to swing counterclockwise to clean the holes. Cover tightly until the leak is eliminated.

If it is impossible to continue cleaning the hole cover and the leakage has not been eliminated, replace the gasket.

Replacing the gasket or cleaning the tank corresponds to twisting the rod end at the left-hand screw to the right, but the distance between the thread-fork joint and the connecting rod fixing sleeve is extended, so that the arm of the plate swings clockwise and the cleaning is relaxed. After the hole cover is restrained, push the lever backwards to disengage the locking pin from the two sides of the positioning slot, grasp the handle, pull the locking pin out, and pull the joystick toward the front, forcing the railing to the rear of the vehicle. Moving, the connecting rod drives the rotating shaft and the cleaning hole cover to swing clockwise to disengage from the cleaning hole.

Fifth, before the use of suction trucks need to do what adjustment work

Before using the suction truck, the following adjustments are mainly made: adjustment of the lubricant and adjustment of the locking mechanism. The specific methods are as follows:

1.Adjusting the amount of lubricating oil: The amount of oil in the return tank should not be too high. It is advisable to use a slightly lower part of the middle level of the oil level pipe. Excessive oil supply may affect the effect of oil and gas separation and increase fuel consumption. Affect the cooling, so that the vacuum pump temperature rose too fast.

The size of the fuel supply is controlled by a straight-through cock. When the handle is at a right angle to the inlet pipe axis, it is fully open. When it is parallel, it is fully opened. When it is parallel, it is fully closed. When a clear oil mist is found at the outlet of the four-way valve, Should reduce the amount of oil supply.  

2, locking mechanism adjustment  

A. The locking mechanism should be adjusted when the cleaning hole cover is leaking, and the tightness of the plate arm to the hole-washing cover should be increased to improve the sealing performance. The specific steps are as follows:  
Turn the rod end at the left-handed screw to the left (from the front of the vehicle to the rear of the vehicle) to shorten the distance between the thread fork joint connecting rod fixing sleeve, the connecting rod to drive the rotating shaft and the arm to swing counterclockwise, and the cleaning hole cover tightly. Hold until leakage is eliminated.  

If it is impossible to continue cleaning the hole cover and the leakage has not been eliminated, replace the gasket.  

B. Replacing the gasket or cleaning the tank corresponds to reducing the left-hand screw to the right, but it extends the distance between the thread-fork joint and the connecting rod fixing sleeve, causing the arm to swing clockwise, relaxing the cleaning hole Constrain the cover, then push the operating lever backwards to disengage the locking pin from both sides of the positioning slot. Hold the handle and pull the locking pin out. Pull the operating rod toward the front of the door to force the rail to move toward the rear of the vehicle. The connecting rod drives the rotating shaft and the cleaning hole cover to swing clockwise and disengages from the cleaning hole.  

C. After the replacement cleaning operation is completed, push the lever in the direction of the rear of the car to make the locking pin fall into the positioning groove, and adjust the cleaning hole after the heat is applied.
Cover seal.
6. Preparation, aspiration, and excretion of the suction truck

The use and operation of suction trucks, including pre-operation, pumping and draining of suction trucks, are a series of processes when the suction truck is in operation. Our good grasp will make us easier in our future work.

1, before the preparation of the job:

A. Make the back of the fecal vehicle as close as possible to the operating point;

B. Return to the tank through the cock rotating handle plate to an angle of about 45° with the axis of the oil inlet tank. Observe the oil inlet pipe. There should be lubricating oil flow.

C. Open the side door of the platform box, take out the suction hose, and swing it back without bending.

2, suction operation

A. Insert the fecal suction hose as deep as possible into the fecal fluid to ensure that the tube end is always 300mm below the fluid level during the operation process;  

B. Push the four-way valve handle to a vertical position with the ground;  

C. Put the transmission into neutral, then start the engine, separate the clutch, and pull the power take-off switch backwards to hang the gear, and the vacuum pump starts to run;  

D, increase the throttle, observe the vacuum gauge, keep the vacuum gauge reading at 53-80kpa;  

E, open the cabin tool box, pull out the alarm switch, turn on its power;  

F. The worker should pay attention to monitoring the situation near the inlet of the suction hose, and use appropriate tools to block the debris so as to avoid blocking;  

G. The operator can use the observation mirror on the upper part of the rear head to inform the driver when the liquid level reaches the middle of the sight glass. At the same time, it should quickly lower the suction hose to pull off the floor or close the four-way valve. Under normal circumstances, the sounder will emit audible and visual signals at this time. When the driver receives the signal, the throttle should be reduced. The power take-off switch is pushed forward and unloaded. The vacuum pump stops rotating, and the switch is pressed into the sounder switch to cut off the power.  

H, the fuel tank through the cock rotating handle plate parallel to the axis of the inlet tank that is closed;  

I. After flushing the hose, place it back in the walkway box, close the side door, and place the boom over the cab;  

J. Make the handle perpendicular to the axis of the road;  

K. The excrement truck left the operation site.

3, unloading operations:

1. The suction hose towards the animal dung tank;  

2. Pull the rear handle of the four-way valve parallel to the ground and open the spill-proof valve so that the handle and the axis of the pipe can be parallel;  

3. Repeat the steps c, d in 3.2;  

4. After the draining of the waste liquid in the holding tank, the driver should promptly drop the power handle to push forward and remove the gear, and the vacuum pump stops running;  

5. Repeat steps 3.2 and h, i;  

6. The excrement truck leaves the operation site.
Seven, the difference between suction truck and suction truck

Common points : Sewage suction trucks and suction trucks are all environmental sanitation vehicles. The key components are all vacuum pumps, which use the pressure difference generated by the work of the vacuum pump to carry out the sewage suction. Both can be used for the cleaning of feces and sewer silt.

Different points : Because of the structural differences between the two vehicles, the specific uses and prices are very different. The sewage suction truck adopts a circular tank, and the rear part can be opened, and a hydraulic cylinder is used to lift the tank for sewage disposal. The suction truck has a simple structure, an elliptical tank, and a sealed back end, which uses the pressure generated by the vacuum pump to discharge the pollutants.

The above is the biggest difference in the structure of sewage suction trucks and suction trucks, resulting in the following differences:

1. Due to the influence of the structure and shape of the tank, the vacuum and suction of the suction truck are not as large as those of the sewage suction truck.

2. The suction truck adopts the vacuum pump's differential pressure to discharge the pollutants and is restricted by the location of the sewage outlet. The larger stones cannot be discharged and cannot be used for the dredging work of larger blocks.

3. Sewage suction truck adopts hydraulic top open sewage structure, which has better discharge efficiency and discharge efficiency.

4. With regard to the influence of domestic usage habits, users in the north use more sewage suction vehicles, and southern users use suction trucks more commonly.

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