Silicon-based CMOS technology is the main technology on which most electronic products today rely. However, in order to further develop the electronics industry, new technologies must be developed that have the ability to integrate CMOS with other semiconductor devices. One of Europe's largest research projects, the Graphene Flagship, is to bring laboratory graphene to the market with a budget of 1 billion euros to participate in market competition.
Now, researchers from the graphene flagship project at ICFO, the Institute of Optoelectronics Sciences in Barcelona, ​​claim that it has been possible to integrate graphene into CMOS integrated circuits. This work is published in Nature Photonics.
The team combined graphene CMOS devices with quantum dots to form an array of photodetectors that produce high-resolution image sensors. When used as a digital camera, the device senses both UV, visible and infrared light. Scientists say this is just one example of the possible applications for this device, and may also be used in microelectronics, sensor arrays and low-power photonics.
Frank Koppens, ICREA professor at ICFO, commented: "The development of such monolithic CMOS-based image sensors is a milestone as they are low-cost, high-resolution broadband and hyperspectral imaging systems, adding:" Generally , Graphene CMOS technology will be able to achieve a large number of applications, ranging from security, security, low-cost micro-smart phone cameras, fire protection systems, passive night vision and night surveillance cameras, automotive sensor systems, medical imaging applications and food and drug testing To environmental monitoring. "
These results were achieved through cooperation between Graphenea, the flagship project partner of graphene (Spanish graphene supplier) and ICFO in the Photoelectric Engineering Package of the Graphene flagship project.
By using layered and patterned methods to create mixed graphene and quantum dot systems on CMOS wafers, the project team claimed that a simple solution to a complex problem was to deposit graphene first and then pattern it to define the pixel shape and finally Add a layer of PbS colloidal quantum dots.
The light response of this system is based on the light-gate effect, which begins with the quantum dot layer absorbing light and transferring it as photogenerated holes or electrons to the graphene, which circulates due to the bias voltage applied between the two pixel contacts Reciprocating. The optical signal is then sensed by a change in the conductivity of graphene, which gives the device a high sensitivity due to the high charge mobility of graphene.
Researcher Stijn Goossens commented: "The realization of such a graphene-quantum dot CMOS image sensor does not require complicated material handling or growth processes and is simple to manufacture and inexpensive at room temperature and ambient conditions, which means a significant reduction in production costs More importantly, because of its performance can be easily integrated into flexible substrates and CMOS integrated circuits.
The commercial use of this study and the potential of imaging and sensing technology are now being explored at ICFO's Launchpad incubator.
Professor Andrea Ferrari, Science and Technology Officer and Chairman of Graphene Flagship Project Management Group, added: "The integration of graphene and CMOS technology is the cornerstone of future graphene into consumer electronics products, a clear demonstration of the viability of this approach. Flagship projects have made significant investments in the system-level integration of graphene and will continue to invest as the technology and innovation roadmap continue to evolve. "
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