The bottom-up construction blind shaft is very similar to the bottom-up deep shaft. It can also be divided into small excavation and then large brushing of the wellbore, first digging the small anti-well and then descending the large wellbore and multi-stage construction parallel operation. Three construction plans. The prerequisite is also that there must be a roadway that has reached the bottom elevation of the blind shaft. It is simpler to extend the shaft from the bottom to the bottom in the following two aspects: First, there is no production wellbore and its water nest on the blind shaft, and both the reverse and the brushed well can directly reach the upper roadway, so there is no need to reserve rock in the upper part. The column does not have the complicated process of removing the rock pillar. Second, the upper part of the blind shaft is the stage level that has been developed, and the roadway can be excavated to the predetermined position of the blind shaft in advance. The necessary equipment can be arranged by using the horse heads of these roadways and blind shafts, such as the winch winch during the backhole drilling, the twisted renter and the concrete jet when brushing large, and the personnel and materials can be transported through the upper roadway. Therefore, blind shafts are more convenient to construct than deep shafts, and the amount of temporary works is small.
( 1 ) First digging the small and then brushing the big blind shaft.
Before the construction of the blind shaft, the upper and lower roadways and the horse head door are first cut, and then the small reverse well is drilled upward from the lower roadway and connected with the upper roadway. The small anti-construction method is the same as the patio. After that, the sluice is constructed in the lower part of the counter-well , and the bottom rock pillar is reserved first when the brush is large , and then the large blind well is brushed up in the full section. When the brush is large, the workers operate on the rock pile, the excess rock shovel slips from the reverse well, and the bottom slip is loaded with the mine car. Â Shipped, personnel and materials are lowered onto the work surface via the lifting cylinder . When the blind shaft is brushed up to the upper roadway, the rock raft is discharged in sections, and the wall is erected with a hanging plate. Finally, the bottom rock pillar well was removed to build the shaft wall.
This construction scheme has all the advantages of reverse well drilling and is easily mastered by mining workers. It does not require temporary support and large construction equipment. However, it also has all the shortcomings of reverse well drilling, such as difficult ventilation and poor safety, and the degree of construction mechanization is also low. It is usually applied to conditions where the rock is hard and stable and the water is not large.
( 2 ) First digging the small anti-well and then down-swinging the large blind shaft.
It differs from the previous one in the way it is brushed. When the large blind shaft is brushed from top to bottom, the rock shovel is filled by small anti-well ( slid down, piled in the roadway ) , loaded with rock loader, not stored in the reverse well, and no rock pillar is left in the lower well; The upper part of the well is equipped with a safety grid and protects the safety of the workers. The safety screen is lifted by a special small winch. The permanent support is divided into sections (long sections or short sections) with the blind well brushing. Usually, sprayed concrete is used for permanent support. The jet is located in the upper lane . When the long section is built, the section height is about to be carried out on the double-layer hanging plate; when the wall is short, the section height is about 2m , and it is operated on the working surface. Only a single-layer hanging plate can be set in the well , which can double as a protection plate. .
The scheme is safer than the previous scheme, and has wide applicability. It has the advantages of no need for heavy rock loading, lifting and drainage processes, etc., and ventilation is relatively easy. The disadvantage is that it is necessary to equip two sets of equipment for backhole construction and wellbore and master two construction methods. When the construction is small and reverse, there are also the same shortcomings of the previous scheme. It is suitable for use in a variety of geological conditions.
In the case where the depth of the blind shaft is large and is multi-stage development, the construction plan of parallel operation of multi-stage construction should be adopted as much as possible.
The two schemes for the construction of the blind shaft from the bottom up have greatly reduced the heavy rock loading work, canceled the lifting rock and drainage process, and improved the ventilation conditions, so the construction equipment is small, the construction process is simple, and the construction speed is not It is slow and the construction cost is low. It should be used as much as possible when it is conditional. It is especially suitable for rock formations with medium stability and above, small water inflow, and depth of blind well within 100m (the last solution depth is not limited).
( 1 ) First digging the small and then brushing the big blind shaft.
Before the construction of the blind shaft, the upper and lower roadways and the horse head door are first cut, and then the small reverse well is drilled upward from the lower roadway and connected with the upper roadway. The small anti-construction method is the same as the patio. After that, the sluice is constructed in the lower part of the counter-well , and the bottom rock pillar is reserved first when the brush is large , and then the large blind well is brushed up in the full section. When the brush is large, the workers operate on the rock pile, the excess rock shovel slips from the reverse well, and the bottom slip is loaded with the mine car. Â Shipped, personnel and materials are lowered onto the work surface via the lifting cylinder . When the blind shaft is brushed up to the upper roadway, the rock raft is discharged in sections, and the wall is erected with a hanging plate. Finally, the bottom rock pillar well was removed to build the shaft wall.
This construction scheme has all the advantages of reverse well drilling and is easily mastered by mining workers. It does not require temporary support and large construction equipment. However, it also has all the shortcomings of reverse well drilling, such as difficult ventilation and poor safety, and the degree of construction mechanization is also low. It is usually applied to conditions where the rock is hard and stable and the water is not large.
( 2 ) First digging the small anti-well and then down-swinging the large blind shaft.
It differs from the previous one in the way it is brushed. When the large blind shaft is brushed from top to bottom, the rock shovel is filled by small anti-well ( slid down, piled in the roadway ) , loaded with rock loader, not stored in the reverse well, and no rock pillar is left in the lower well; The upper part of the well is equipped with a safety grid and protects the safety of the workers. The safety screen is lifted by a special small winch. The permanent support is divided into sections (long sections or short sections) with the blind well brushing. Usually, sprayed concrete is used for permanent support. The jet is located in the upper lane . When the long section is built, the section height is about to be carried out on the double-layer hanging plate; when the wall is short, the section height is about 2m , and it is operated on the working surface. Only a single-layer hanging plate can be set in the well , which can double as a protection plate. .
The scheme is safer than the previous scheme, and has wide applicability. It has the advantages of no need for heavy rock loading, lifting and drainage processes, etc., and ventilation is relatively easy. The disadvantage is that it is necessary to equip two sets of equipment for backhole construction and wellbore and master two construction methods. When the construction is small and reverse, there are also the same shortcomings of the previous scheme. It is suitable for use in a variety of geological conditions.
In the case where the depth of the blind shaft is large and is multi-stage development, the construction plan of parallel operation of multi-stage construction should be adopted as much as possible.
The two schemes for the construction of the blind shaft from the bottom up have greatly reduced the heavy rock loading work, canceled the lifting rock and drainage process, and improved the ventilation conditions, so the construction equipment is small, the construction process is simple, and the construction speed is not It is slow and the construction cost is low. It should be used as much as possible when it is conditional. It is especially suitable for rock formations with medium stability and above, small water inflow, and depth of blind well within 100m (the last solution depth is not limited).
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